PREFACE AND AKNOWLEGMENTS
TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS
ANNEX
Introduction
FIRST PART: PROBLEMATICS AND METHODS.
Chapter 1. Frontier areas. economic integration and space construction
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1.
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The unsettled pattern of the frontier areas
1.1 Territory, space and time as regards to the evolutionary process of the frontier areas
1.2 Schematization of the settlement pattern of the frontier areas
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2.
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Marketing networks and actors’ projects
2.1 Marketing networks and systems: space structure
2.1.1 Trajectories and registering zones of the products
2.1.2 Commercial agents
2.1.3 Access to the markets
2.2 The actors’ projects: a new ground for an evolutionary process of construction of the territory
2.2.1 Actors in the pioneers’ system
2.2.2 The influence of individual and family projects
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3.
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The analysis of Altamira’ s territory sustains the purpose of this exploratory study
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Chapter 2. Methods: An approach at different levels. The actors, the trajectories and the commercial activities
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1.
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The collecting of information and data
1.1 The territory. The study at different levels and the approach from the micro local to the regional levels
1.2 Time evolution of the actors’ trajectories
1.3 The developing of significant products: A territorial management decision
1.3.1 Wood and cattle
1.3.2 A food crop: rice
1.3.3 A profitable crop: cocoa
1.3.4 The role of products in the settlement process
1.3.5 The role of products in the construction process
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2.
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Means
2.1 Diagnosis
2.1.1 The territory
2.1.2 The marketing networks
2.2 Selected areas
2.3 Investigations and questioning
2.3.1 At the regional level
2.3.2 At the sub-regional level
2.3.3 At the micro-local level
2.4 The conducting of the survey
2.4.1 The support of the Research, Education and development laboratory 2.4.2 On by-roads, within the communities, in the families
2.4.3 The difficulties: Distances, following the marketing network
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3.
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Material and equipment for the study
3.1 Available maps
3.2 Information from local people
- for the study of the territory
- for the study of the actors’ role
3.3 Results
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SECOND PART: RESULTS AND IMPORTANCE OF LEADING THE SURVEY AT THREE DIFFERENT LEVELS
Chapter 3. Reserved prospects for the future of the Transamazonian territory
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1.
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A difficult change from an extractive economy to a productive economy
1.1 An extractive commercial system
1.1.1 The emergence of the system: The Jesuits ‘initiative from 1636 to 1758
1.1.2 The General Company of Commerce of Grгo-Parб and Maranhгo 1759-1868 implements extractive commercial systems
1.1.3 The expansion of the extractive commercial system from the end of the 19th to the middle of the 20th century
1.1.4 The management of the extractive fluvial system
1.2 The semi-extractive fluvial commercial systems
1.2.1 The regional land exploitation process
1.2.2 The road: The main commercial network during the first colonization
1.2.3 The combination of the fluvial and road networks
1.2.4 The actors’ progressive involvement
1.3.The emergence of commercial endogenous systems with a higher exchange value
Conclusion
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2.
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A dissymmetric area in the outskirts of an urban center
2.1 The urban center of Altamira
2.1.1 The development of traditional activities despite new settlements
2.1.2 An urban and dependant society
2.1.3 The future of an urban center: development or decrease?
2.2 The structure of the rural areas reflects the local authorities’ mismanagement
2.2.1 A damaged and mismanaged road network
2.2.2 The small urban centers and other areas of settlement: The change in the former structure
2.2.3 The land evolutionary process: an unrealistic planning policy and its influence on the territorial management
Conclusion
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3.
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The organizational structure of the current marketing networks
3.1 The cocoa commercial network
3.1.1 First step: The tradesmen networks
3.1.2 Second step: The networks
3.1.3 Credits: Their key-role in the commercial system
3.2 The rice commercial network
3.2.1 First step: Urban needs and commercial competition
3.2.2 Second step: The networks
3.3 The cattle –trade network
3.3.1 The stages of an important tradesman’s network
3.3.2 The market of Altamira: Cattle trade: Results
3.4 The wood commercial network
3.4.1 The marketing network: first stage
3.4.2 The marketing network: second stage
Conclusion
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4.
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Circumstances of the emergence of commercial endogenous systems with a higher exchange value
4.1 The evolutionary process of the salesmen’s activities
4.1.1 Agricultural production
4.1.2 Transport
4.1.3 Transformation of agricultural products and wood
4.2 The tradesmen ‘s projects and investments
4.2.1 Investments outside the area
4.2.2 Investments in the area
4.2.3 The combination of both the investments in and outside the area
4.2.4 The decisions which have induced regional changes
Conclusion
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| Conclusion of Chapter 3 |
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Chapter 4. Anapъ and Medicilвndia: two highly contrasted sub-regions
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1.
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Oppositions in the evolutionary processes of the territories
1.1 Frontier, populations of the territories and prospects for the future
1.1.1 The administrative space structure of Medicilвndia
1.1.2 The small area of Anapъ situated between two municipalities
1.1.3 Dissymmetric and expanding areas
1.1.4 Role of the population groups and settlement
1.1.5 Influence of the nature of the soils on the process of land appropriation and exploitation
1.2 History of land appropriation.
1.2.1 Medicilвndia: Evolution in the State’s landownership program.
1.2.2 Anapъ: a rebellion against the operational landownership program
1.2.3 The fight for Indian lands
1.3 The expanding network of by-roads and the difficult setting of population groups
1.3.1 The by-road network: a problem of inequitable access to the territory
1.3.2 The urban center of Medicilвndia and the small villages of the rural outskirts
1.3.3 Anapъ: a new future urban center .An unsettled pattern of small villages
Conclusion
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2.
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Tradesmen and marketing networks
2.1 The local commercial elites have become commercial agents of the marketing networks
2.1.1 The role of the State in the emergence of a commercial elite
2.1.2 Anapъ: The difficulties of integration of a small commercial elite
2.2 The key-role of retailers in the management of the sub-regions.
2.1.1 The trajectories of men and products
2.1.2 Economic strategies of the town’s shopkeepers
2.1.3 Economic strategies of intermediaries and retailers
2.3 New commercial agents: associations of producers
2.3.1 In Medicilвndia: the example of the 80km cooperative store
2.3.2 In Anapъ: The example of the Pioneira association
Conclusion
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3.
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The emergence of a collective organization of actors
3.1 In Medicilвndia: The producers’ fight for the preservation of their economic interests
3.1.1 Sugarcane
3.1.2 Rice
3.1.3 Cattle
3.2 In Anapъ: The pioneers’ rebellion against land expropriation
3.2.1 Land ownership: Religious and economic influence of the Church
3.2.2 Collective strategies under Church control
3.3 Is the local community supporting the new development process or is it putting a resistance to it?
3.3.1 Creating their own municipality: The case of Anapъ
3.3.2 The local community of Medicilвndia
Conclusion
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| Conclusion of Chapter 4 |
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Chapter 5. The micro –local illustrative example
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1.
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West: The 75 South by-road: The key –role of family networks
1.1 An enclosed area
1.1.1 A new pattern of settlement
1.1.2 Land appropriation
1.2 A majority of humble families with easy access to the market.
1.2.1 The different stages of the actors’ trajectories
1.2.2 The impact of commercial exchanges on the actors’ projects
1.3 A multidisciplinary competence network within a socio-economic organization
1.3.1 The distributing network of basic products
1.3.2 Organization of a transport and transformation network of products
1.3.3 The marketing network of products
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2.
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East: Surubim: Social conflict and destitution
2.1 An area which is now opened to land exploitation
2.1.1 Specificity of the Surubim area
2.1.2 The evolutionary settlement and land exploitation processes in the area
2.2 A majority of destitute families are subordinate to intermediaries
2.2.1 Specificity of the families which are involved in territorial management
2.2.2 Circumstances and results of the marketing of products
2.3 Individual projects and unequal opportunities in the process of territorial management
2.3.1 The importance of parallel or derived networks
2.3.2 The community leaders’ and their groups’ actions
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| Conclusion of Chapter 5 |
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General conclusion
ANNEX
GLOSSARY (Portuguese)
SELECTED BIOBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
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