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Poverty reduction strategy in Africa
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2. Objectives to be met by PRSP
With PRSP, the Government intends to achieve the following specific objectives during the three-year period ending 2003:
- Raise gross primary school enrolment to 85 percent;
- Increase the transition rate from primary to secondary school from 15 percent to 21 percent, and reduce the dropout rate in primary school from 6.6 percent to 3.0 percent.
- Raise net primary school enrolment from 57 percent to 70 percent.
- Increase the transition rate from 20 percent to 50 percent.
- Expand adult education programmes.
- Lower infant mortality rate from 99 per 1000 to 85 per 1000 by 2003.
- Reduce under-five mortality from 158 to 127 per 1000 by 2003.
- Lower maternal mortality from 529 per 100,000 to 450 per 100,000 by 2003.
- Reduce malaria-related fatality for under-five children from 12.8 percent to 10 percent by 2003.
- Raise the proportion of the rural population that has access to safe and clean water from 48.5 percent in 2000 to 55 percent in 2003.
- Raising the percentage of immunized children against measles and DPT under 2 years, from 71 percent in 2000 to 85 percent in 2003.
- Raise the share of districts with active HIV/AIDs awareness campaigns to 75 percent by 2003.
- Increase, over the same period, the coverage of births by trained personnel from 50 percent to 80 percent.
- Speed up court decisions and raising of the ratio of decided to filed cases from 63 percent to 80 percent by end-2003.
- Reduce the average time taken to settle commercial disputes to 18 months by the end of 2003.
- Raise the ratio of actual Court of Appeal sessions to planned sessions from the current 50 percent to 100 percent by end-2003.
- Carry out diagnostic surveys of corruption in the Judiciary; Attorney General's Office; Revenue Authority; Ministries of Works; Education; Health; and Home Affairs.
Issues of gender were not well articulated in PRS 2000. However, since PRS is a living document, gender issues have been taken on board in the PRS Progress Report 2001. The aim is to reduce income and non-income poverty among women and to strengthen their position in the country's development. This includes improving women's
- Legal rights
- Economic empowerment in poverty eradication
- Political empowerment in decision making
- Access to education, training and employment
2.1 Progress to-date:
- The National Policy on Women and Gender Development (NPWGD) was development.
- The ministry of Finance institutionalized gender budgeting.
- The number of women in legislative assemblies at national level reached 20 percent and at local level reached 33 percent.
2.2 Planned Actions:
- To review all new national policies and strategies from gender perspective before they are approved and implemented.
- To prepare an action plan to operationalize the National Policy on Women and Gender Development (NPWGD).
Malnutrition among children is a good indicator of poverty levels or social well-being. Available statistics reveal that there is a considerable degree of chronic malnutrition in Tanzania. In 1996, 43 percent of children under five were found to be stunted (low height for age) and 18 percent were severely stunted. 7 percent of children under five were classified as wasted, and 1.0 percent were severely wasted. A combined measure of chronic and acute malnutrition is weight for age. More than 30 percent of the children under five are under weight for their age. It is worth noting that malnutrition increases with poverty. Supply of clean, safe and adequate water has relationship with poverty. Outbreaks of cholera and waterborne diseases affect mostly low-income neighbourhoods with households that have no access to piped water. 68% of urban dwellers have some kind of access to piped water while in rural areas only 45 percent have coverage.
The right to security, justice, peaceful life and freedom are important aspects of survival. In general, Tanzania has enjoyed peace, stability and unity since independence. Recently, the effectiveness of the instruments of law and order, and the judiciary appears to have eroded. The Warioba Report cites the police and judiciary as highly corrupt institutions.
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