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Seminar proceedings & outputs > Country strategies

Botswana

OWNER James Mulenga – Energy Affairs Division CHAMPIONS Women’s Affairs Department Aids / STD Unit Somare Lang Rikologo Media Emang Basadi Chairman / Mayor – Councils Botswana Technology Centre Botswana Power Corporation Ministry of Education – Curriculum Dept Ministry of Finance REASONS FOR INTERVENTION Policy to be revised to embrace gender and poverty issues. White Paper should be gender sensitive. EAD division not known by people and departments. Even if there are issues to be addressed they do not know whom to turn to. During consultation it is important that stakeholders on poverty and gender are not invited. Information on poverty and gender are not reaching people. Lack of coordination / cooperation between government departments. Curriculum does not include energy at early stage. Energy to be subsidised to rural areas for accessibility. SITUATION ANALYSIS Research has been done, but it is separated / fragmented. ROLE PLAYERS INVOLVED Energy Affairs Department Botswana Technology Centre Research Institutions NGO’s International Organisations EXPECTED STUMBLING BLOCKS Lack of information on Energy Issues by stakeholders Lack of coordination in planning Lack of financial support Politicians not knowledgeable on energy issues. Cultural constraints EXPECTED OUTCOMES Description: The inclusion of all stakeholders in drafting / revision of White Paper so that issues on energy, gender and poverty could be addressed together. Expected Outcomes: People will be more gender sensitive Health and education will improve Accessibility of energy by rural people especially women Role Players Involved: More women expected to take science subjects and as a result will be employed in the energy sector. Hopefully employment will reduce poverty and gender imbalance. CONCEPTUALISATION Situation analysis report to all stakeholders. Planned activities meetings with government, MPS, NGO’s and Women’s Affairs Sell the idea to the government.

Tanzania

OWNER Nyamo-Hanga B.G – BT (T) LTD Ndilana A (Tatedo) CHAMPIONS Stephen Mwakifwamba (CEEST) East Africa Energy Technology Dev. Network (Estonih Sawe) REPOA (Research Poverty Alleviation) TASEA (Tanzania Solar Energy Association) Ministry of Women and Children Affairs Vice President’s Office (Poverty) MOE & M(Tz) (MWIHAVA, MBISE) COSTECH (Mushi S) DETAILS OF INTERVENTION Tax on renewable energy equipment, tools and services. Situational Analysis: All are taxable, VAT (20%), Import Duty (20 – 30 %) Exception: Solar Modules – VAT (20%), Import Duty (0%) Role Players: Owners and Champions as above Private companies, NGO’s, individuals, end users Expected Stumbling Blocks: Refusal by Revenue Authority & MOF to remove tax Reluctance of Rural people (expected beneficiary) to technological change Financial constraints of the rural community Capacity building eg. training technicians, end users and information dissemination, and awareness creation Situational Analysis: Training have been done in the past by MOEM, TATEDO (donors), UDSM (donors), KARADEA (Renewable Energy Training Institute), CARMATEC, private companies (like BP), etc. But more training is still needed. Awareness is low even though efforts have been made by above institutions – the same applies to information dissemination. The newly formed TASEA to help in pushing the above forward. Role Players: Owners and Champions as above Private companies, NGO’s, individuals, end users Expected Stumbling Blocks: Lack of funds to train, brochures, advertise and campaigns fro awareness and info dissemination Lack of push from the Government especially when it comes to implementation Lack of technology, transport and physical display equipment during rural awareness campaigns. Financing Schemes Situational Analysis: So far none exist Efforts are underway between Government and SIDA & UNDP and Micro Finance Institutes to have credit scheme / loans for solar PV MEM in a process to establish an Energy Fund to carter for Renewable Energies. Role Players: Owners and Champions as above Private companies, NGO’s, individuals, end users Donors (UNDP, SIDA, GTZ, UNESCO, JICA, etc) National Micro-Finance Bank CRDB (1997) Ltd Bank Expected Stumbling Blocks: Slowness of above efforts Collateral needed to qualify for loans (which is missing when rural people are considered) Reluctance of Bank to undertake / manage credit schemes Lack Rural Banks or organisations to interface rural people with Financiers Interest charged on loans. Poor economic performance in rural economies (when loans repaying is considered.) EXPECTED OUTCOMES Change of tariff codes for all Renewable Energy equipment to provide for 0% Import Duty and 0% VAT. (TRA & MOF) MEM to involve other stakeholders like MOE, MOHEST, NGO’s, DONORS, Private Sectors, R & D& in creating a fund in the Ministry for Capacity building, awareness and information dissemination. MEM to involve organisations like WB, IMF, MOF, to avail revolving funds to enable rural people to buy RETS equipment. Objectives (Internal, External) To improve living standards in rural areas through provision of better energy services. Expected Effects of Outputs Increased income generations in rural areas Availability of social services, through provision of medical (HIV, vaccination), education, communication, job creation, etc. Upliftment of living standards and hence reduce rural/ urban migration. Reduced pressure or forests and other natural resources and hence ensure environmental conservation. Role Players Village leaders and local groups in rural areas. Youth and Women organisation groups As (a) above to overlook and assess and follow up performance (All the facilitators) Other Spin-Offs Increased income generations in rural areas Availability of social services, through provision of medical (HIV, vaccination), education, communication, job creation, etc. Upliftment of living standards and hence reduce rural/ urban migration. Reduced pressure or forests and other natural resources and hence ensure environmental conservation. ACTION PLANS Compile, understand and summarise the seminar proceedings Summon a meeting between owner and champions for briefing and chart a way forward. In a way forward we will arrange to have a seminar in the country drawing participants from various sectors dealing with energy, poverty and gender for inputs. The outcomes of the seminar will be summarized and presented to the Ministry of Energy, Women & children, Finance, Higher Education for implementation, a copy will be presented in the parliament. Follow-up by owner and champions to see the draft policy is adopted by all role players. Sending regular reports to SARPN, and REINNAM on what happens at all stages of our work.

South Africa

Overall Goal: Affordable access and affordable use of energisation (electrification, non-grid and other energy services) Objectives Job creation Equity Rural development Urban renewal Education and training Strengths Skills and expertise in planning budgets Political support Policies in place for poverty, energy and gender Technological advances Culture Synergetic departmental clustering Weaknesses Lack of knowledge and skills inenergy utilization Exclusion of womenin energisation projects Unemployment Ineffective communication of policies Lack of energy data for planning Insufficient information dissemination tools and techniques Piloting Policy weakness for gas Fragmentation Opportunities Demand Legislative support Funding Threats Unemployment HIV/AIDS Migration (rural to urban) Regional instability Theft and vandalism Culture Too much dependency on government (lack of personal initiative) Politics Stakeholders Communities (collect gender disaggregated data) Private sector NGOs Research institutes Civil society Academia

Lesotho

Owner Local Government (Ministry) Champions Department of Energy Department of Gender (MEGYA) Disaster Management Authority Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Ministry of Development Planning Ministry of Agriculture NGO’s (LCN) NFP for SARPN (LEINET – Constance Bitso) Department of Energy (Gerry Seitlheko) STATEMENT OF WORK Initiating the Process Call a consultative meeting of all the stakeholders identified to be dealing with poverty issues. Maybe SARPN will be called to explain its role. Out of the meeting the owner and champions must be identified and should accept the responsibility. The objective is to sell the idea to the proposed owner and champions. To design a policy that consolidates and identify gaps between existing policies addressing poverty issues. Evaluation of situation Get policies of all identified stakeholders. Find out what exists in Lesotho regarding poverty alleviation. Study their policies and identify gaps, duplications, etc. Draft paper on the gaps and overlaps. Planning Consultative meting – briefing meeting about seminar on Gender, Poverty and Energy. Networking and information exchange. Promote the link between Gender, Poverty and Energy. Policy Events : Commitments SARPN 13th June 2002 website Facilitation proposal poverty and regional integration Policy events – already participate Risk assessment Research – short comings in areas of gender and poverty, access

Malawi

DETAILS The Malawi government has already prepared a white paper on energy that outlines how the energy sector is going to contribute to the economic development of Malawi, through creation of employment, promotion of the role of women in economic development through provision of sustainable energy resources. There are several issues that have been identified through this conference that have not been adequately and extensively addressed in relation to issues about gender poverty and sector reform and land issues. Therefore the purpose for this strategy is to lobby for inclusion or revisit of these issues either in the formulation or implementation of the relevant policy processes. But since this deals with national policy on energy gender and poverty, the intention is present the issues to the relevant policy makers in the country for the them to appreciate how other countries have managed to implement some of the issues to be raised in my report. These will include officials from departments of Energy Gender and Poverty Alleviation. ACTION PLAN Arrange for scheduled meetings with relevant authorities to appraise them on the selected issues of concerned to be outlined in my report on the deficiency in both policy formulation and implementation. Provide relevant information on the examples of other countries that are working on similar issues and how we can benefit from their experience. This will include names of projects, location and implementation that have already been done in countries present here and their contact information propose that they include some of these projects on the list of projects that have been listed for site visits within the frame of our energy gender and poverty alleviation policy in the region. RISK ASSESSMENT Generally there could not be a lot of political risk since the proposals do not entail the review of the policy framework but it is basically looking at the perfecting of the implementation strategy such that it delivers the required outcome. This process will also help build up the confidence in implementation of policy by learning that other countries who followed similar routes have successfully implemented their policy. The possible cultural risk would come from the issue o reorganisation of land ownership. This is a bit of problem because according to cultural traditions chiefs own land and distribute it for settlement and subsistence farming but do not take land as having an Economic value. There is an emerging land policy that may solve this policy and hopefully we may request that they facilitate pilot demonstrate communal land ownership for economic empowerment. There is not going to be financial risk since all the proposed action do not require additional budgetary allocation by just reallocation available resources to relevant projects or visits that would produce expected results, e.g change of site visit for solar projects and other renewable energy technologies for other conventional grid electrification projects etc. CHAMPIONS/OWNERS In the interest of protocols and acceptability of all these initiatives upon returning home we will brief people from relevant departments i.e energy on this new initiative on policy tracking and propose to them that they chose a focal point who will also be the champions since they are the custodians and implementers and drivers of government policy since O only come from the regulatory body for Electricity. STAKEHOLDERS Ministry of Energy and Environmental Affairs Ministry of Gender, Youth and Women Affairs Ministry of Poverty Alleviation Energy Regulator Service Providers TIME FRAME The briefing meeting can be done as possible when I arrive home. Regarding implementation, this will be determined by the pace of implementation of the relevant components in the policy document as we do not have control over most processes of implementation. IMPACT The impact would be along term thing since policy implementation spreads over a long period.

Swaziland

CONCEPTUALISATION Statement of Work To ensure sustainable livelihood of citizenry and facilitate assurance of energy to all through: Expansion of rural electrification programme thereby contributing to poverty alleviation Regulation of the LPG market Increased manufacture and research, use and information on RETs Promote use of efficient appliances Ensuring equal access of all to resources / Poverty red. Strategy Appraisal See country paper Policies in place - Energy / Forest review Long term socio-economic National strategy, ESRA Gender Unit - Gender Policy Inequalities of terms of ownership rights Access to basic resources such as land, finances Land policy - Not passed as yet Poverty - 66% below poverty line (No rural development policy / strategy) Poverty Alleviation Strategy HIV/AIDS Economic Hardships Donor fatigue, national deficit, poverty Planning Fragmented and compartmental policies – co-ordination, insufficient information dissemination, especially women, youth heading households and orphans. Promotion of community and individual wood lots – biomass resource base – National Forest Policy – Ministry of Agriculture Promotion and demonstration of use and application of RET’s in improving the standard of living of communities Promotion of SME’s and the informal through use and application energy efficiency devices Expansion of rural electrification programme Initiation of a sustainable biomass programme which entails and will be informed by result of these researches. Conducting baseline study on biomass access – usage patterns over time – (pilot rural and peri-urban areas), conducting a pilot survey on household smoke and particulate to inform future initiatives such as stove programme, household ventilation pgm Increasing communities access to clean drinking water and water for irrigation. Promotion of the participation of the private sector in the Energy provision cycle through generation of electricity using renewable resources. Eg. biogases, woodwaste Thought of the est of National Research Council to be informed by various Sectors National Consultative process to result on Swd’s paper to be delivered a WSSD events. (See paper and Policy statements on P4 – Policies entailed in paper.) Policy Impacts See P2 of Paper and respective Policies and Strategies Outcomes Report – charting way forward Meeting – HTH, Agriculture, Education, Planning, Finance, Energy, Enterprise Analyse how sectors contribute to poverty

Zimbabwe

DETAILS OF INTERVENTIONS Situation analysis – incomplete paper already Role players involved – Govt, Research, Institutions, NGO’s, UN Agencies Expected Stumbling Blocks: Cultural constraints MP’s may be ignorant of Energy issues Lack of information to stakeholders, lack education and finance Lack of co-ordination in planning EXPECTED OUTCOMES Energy awareness by all stakeholders and poverty and gender guidelines in the White Paper Expected effect of outputs More access to energy, especially women, gender sensitive, education and health More women to take science subjects and to be energy sector and less poverty, gender balance. Role Players involved Govt Research Institutions NGO’s UN Agencies Statement of work Report to all stakeholders Meetings with Poverty Alleviation Forum, Women Affairs, MP’s