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HIV/AIDS AND ITS IMPACTS ON LAND TENURE AND LIVELIHOODS IN LESOTHO

2. Methodology

The following methodology was adopted:

Literature Review

On the prevalence and magnitude of HIV/AIDS in Lesotho and existing policies.

On issues pertaining to land and policy in Lesotho in order to establish linkages between livelihoods and land tenure.

Institutional Surveys

Primary data was collected from the following institutions through interviews with key informants from various institutions dealing with land issues and HIV/AIDS both at the national and local levels:

National Level:

Lesotho AIDS Programme Coordinating Authority (LAPCA)
The National Health AIDS programme
Lesotho AIDS Education and Community counselling Association (LAICA)
The AIDS Unit of the Ministry of Agriculture.
Ministry of Local Government
Agricultural Planning Policy Section in the Ministry of Agriculture

Local level:

Traditional land management institutions
Village Development Councils
Lesotho Highlands Development Authority
Church authorities
Hospitals, social workers and heath workers

Community Discussions

Table 1

Tools	Techniques	Targeted Data
Community Discussions		To gauge the onset of chronic illnesses among the community.
	Social Maps	To indicate the distribution and location of the vulnerable groups of the community.
	Participatory Land Use Mapping and transects	To locate fallow agricultural lands
Focus Group Discussions	Brainstorming	To establish knowledge about HIV/AIDS, its magnitude, contributing factors familiarity with the land legislations. To pursue issues pertaining to widows and orphans land rights.
	Ranking and Rating	To rank HIV/AIDS in relation to other community problems.
	Impact analysis	To determine aspects of land issues impacted most by the epidemic and to analyse the impact of HIV/AIDS on livelihoods at the community level.
Observations		To cross check responses on fallowness, land sizes, and other services available within the community.

Household In-depth Interviews

Health workers and counsellors were instrumental in facilitating interviews with the infected and affected individuals. Their role was deemed crucial since they had already established rapport and trust with members of these households. They assisted by introducing us and assuring the household members of the confidentiality of the interviews. As a result our presence was neither seen as invasive nor threatening. Despite the role played by these community agents it was more difficult to conduct interviews in Matsatsaneng than Ha Poli because of their varying degrees of acceptance pertaining to prevalence of HIV/AIDS.

Twenty interviews were conducted with affected household members using the following participatory techniques:

Table 2

Techniques	Targeted Data
In-depth discussions	To determine the composition of the households and demographic changes that had occurred in the last five years or so.To pursue questions related to the predicament of widows and orphans.
Livelihood Analysis and Impact Analysis	To find out activities undertaken, sources of livelihood and how those have been affected by HIV/AIDSTo determine the effects of the diseases on income generation, land use as well as inheritance of family assets such as land.
Brainstorming	To cover questions related to stigmatisation.


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