CRISIS |
CONSEQUENCES |
INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE |
LAND TENURE/USE |
POLICY ISSUES |
CRISIS 1
Infection. death of husband |
Threats from in-laws Stripping of domestic goods plus goats Court case Financial & emotional costs |
LC3 court supported her rights in goods and land but unable to enforce return of goods. |
Land rights of wife Land and asset ‘grabbing’ by husband’s family |
INHERITANCE PRACTICES/NORMS. ENFORCEMENT OF LOCAL LEVEL COURT RULINGS. LEGAL AID. |
CRISIS 2
CN HIV+ & hospitalised |
Unable to work her land Unaffordable hospital bill |
Hospital not fully public; billed her although at subsidised rate |
Agriculture neglected |
HEALTH CARE. WELFARE. AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT |
CRISIS 3 & 4 Sale of some land - challenged by in-laws |
Loss of part of asset Threats from in-laws LC action across 2 districts Financial & emotional costs |
LC3 system supported her but unable to get in-laws to come forward. |
Land sale Challenge to patrilineal inheritance norms |
INHERITANCE PRACTICES/NORMS. ENFORCEMENT OF LOCAL LEVEL COURT RULINGS. LEGAL AID. WELFARE. |
CRISIS 5 Fear of in-laws |
Rental of room elsewhere Unable to work her land effectively Financial and emotional costs. |
|
Agriculture neglected |
INHERITANCE PRACTICES/NORMS. WELFARE. AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT |
CRISIS 6 Court action by in-laws |
High court summons in other district – 4 appearances. Financial and emotional costs. Unable to work her land as effectively. |
High Court unable to enforce in-laws’ participation. |
Agriculture neglected |
DISTRICT COURT SYSTEM. LEGAL AID. WELFARE. AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT |
CRISIS 7 Arrest for failing to settle hospital bill |
Arrest + imprisonment overnight. Worry over unsettled bill. |
Hospital not fully public. Prison |
|
HEALTH CARE LEGAL SYSTEM FOR DEBTORS LEGAL AID WELFARE |
CRISIS 8 Unable to afford medical treatment |
Unable to attend local hospital Clinics don’t supply treatment Unable to afford travel to TASO. Not taking medicine regularly. |
Hospital not fully public Resources of clinics TASO not enough local centres |
Agriculture neglected |
HEALTH SYSTEM WELFARE |
CRISIS 9 Unable to work land effectively |
Hiring labour Dependence on family & friends Renting part of land Overutilisation of land Financial costs |
No information obtained on local agricultural extension services |
Productivity decline Land rental Soil depletion |
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION? ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTION LABOUR SAVING DEVICES WELFARE |
CRISIS 10 & 11 Son’s schooling at risk |
Dependency on relatives Oldest son unable to complete secondary schooling – future compromised. Younger son behind in school and completion of schooling unlikely – future compromised. |
Secondary schools fee-paying Primary schools – state schools are free but additional costs including boarding. |
|
SECONDARY SCHOOL FEES + COSTS PRIMARY SCHOOLING COSTS (FEES. COVERED BY STATE) WELFARE CHILD SUPPORT (PATERNAL) ADULT EDUCATION & TRAINING EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES |
CRISIS 11(future) Sons’ inheritance |
Future welfare of especially youngest son uncertain |
Local Council seen as supporting in-laws’ claim to land on death of widow. |
|
INHERITANCE NORMS AND PRACTICES WELFARE CHILD SUPPORT (PATERNAL) |
CRISIS 12 No funds to start trading |
Confined to farming sector Health further compromised |
No information obtained on local credit/micro-finance opportunities & SME support |
|
WELFARE CREDIT SMALL BUSINESS SUPPORT |